亚洲冷链 2020年第1期——中国冷链行业发展近况

时间：2023-07-12 19:56:13来源：admin01栏目：冷链新闻阅读：

中国冷链市场规模及产业现状：根据国家统计局发布的2013-2019年数据，中国易腐食品的总产量巨大且在逐年递增（表1），易腐食品总产量超过13亿吨。长期以来中国易腐食品在流通环节中损失严重，以果蔬、肉类和水产品为例，其流通腐损率分别达到20-30%、12%、15%（发达国家仅为5%）。中国易腐食品产量巨大且腐损率高，大量易腐食品在产销过程中的损耗和变质造成了社会资源的巨大浪费。

表1 2013-2019年中国主要易腐食品总产量（万吨）

根据2019版《全国冷链物流企业分布图》不完全统计数据：2019年全国冷库容量为4600万吨（目前冷库容量处于世界第一），同比新增库容增长率为6.7%，冷藏车保有量为132042台，其中自有冷藏车量40946辆，社会冷藏车量91096辆。据相关机构数据显示，预测2020年中国冷链物流市场规模将突破5000亿元。

中国冷链区域发展规划：以粤港澳大湾区为例：粤港澳大湾区包括香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和广东省广州市、深圳市、珠海市、佛山市、惠州市、东莞市、中山市、江门市、肇庆市（简称为珠三角九市），总面积5.6万平方公里，2017年末总人口约7000万人，是我国开放程度最高、经济活力最强的区域之一，粤港澳大湾区建设是在国家发展大局中具有重要战略地位；中共中央、国务院印发了《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》（规划近期至2022年，远期展望到2035年）中特别指出：“推进粤港澳物流合作发展，大力发展第三方物流和冷链物流，提高供应链管理水平，建设国际物流枢纽” ；加速现代综合交通运输体系形成，推进粤港澳物流合作发展，目前大湾区冷链物流产业正以年增长率20%快速发展，粤港澳大湾区居民生鲜消费增长超过100％。

中国冷链发展相关政策：近期，中央及多部门出台了多项针对促进冷链产业发展的扶持政策，如：《关于抓好“三农”领域重点工作确保如期实现全面小康的意见》（2020）、《关于开展首批国家骨干冷链物流基地建设工作的通知》（2020）等，大力促进冷链产业发展。中央一号文件《中共中央国务院关于抓好“三农”领域重点工作确保如期实现全面小康的意见》（2020）中，特别强调了要将“做好‘三农’领域补短板”作为重要今年的重要工作方向，现全国各地区纷纷响应将大力推进“三农”领域补短板项目库建设工作，大力将农产品冷链产业相关的项目作为重点建设项目，其中将会重点支持“农产品仓储保鲜冷链物流设施建设工程”，可以预见未来与农产品冷链相关的行业将会快速发展，势必对于我国冷链发展是一极大利好消息。

国家发展改革委办公厅3月16日印发《关于开展首批国家骨干冷链物流基地建设工作的通知》。《通知》提出要以构建国家层面的骨干冷链物流基础设施网络为目标，以整合存量冷链物流资源为主线，重点向高附加值生鲜农产品（包括果蔬、畜禽、奶制品、水产品、花卉等）优势产区和集散地，依托存量冷链物流基础设施群建设一批国家骨干冷链物流基地，整合集聚冷链物流市场供需、存量设施以及农产品流通、生产加工等上下游产业资源，提高冷链物流规模化、集约化、组织化、网络化水平，支持生鲜农产品产业化发展，促进城乡居民消费升级”。国家发改委将通过中央预算内投资等渠道，对首批国家骨干冷链物流基地范围内符合条件的项目建设予以支持，推动提高基地的冷链综合服务能力。支持范围包括：公共服务型冷库、配套基础设施以及其他相关设施。

以下为英文版：

Cold chain market scale and industry status in China: According to the 2013-2019 data released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China， the total output of perishable food in China is huge and increasing year by year (Table 1)， and the total output of perishable food exceeds 1.3 billion tons. For a long time， Chinas perishable food has suffered serious losses in the circulation process. Taking fruits and vegetables， meat and aquatic products as examples， the circulation corruption rates are 20-30%， 12% and 15% respectively (only 5% in developed countries). The production of perishable food in China is huge and the rate of perishable food is high.

Table 1 Total output of main perishable food

in China in 2013-2019 (10000 tons)According to incomplete statistical data in the distribution map of national cold chain logistics enterprises (2019 Edition): in 2019， the national cold storage capacity is 46 million tons (No.1 in the world) with a year-on-year growth rate of 6.7%， and the number of refrigerated vehicles is 132042， including 40946 self-owned refrigerated vehicles and 91096 social refrigerated vehicles. It is predicted that the scale of Chinas cold chain logistics market will exceed 500 billion CNY in 2020.Chinas cold chain regional development plan:Take Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example: Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area include Hong Kong Special Administrative Region， Macao Special Administrative Region， Guangzhou， Shenzhen， Zhuhai， Foshan， Huizhou， Dongguan， Zhongshan， Jiangmen and Zhaoqing (Nine cities in the Pearl River Delta)， with a total area of 56，000 square kilometers and a total population of about 70 million at the end of 2017. It is one of the regions with the highest degree of opening and the strongest economic vitality in China. The construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area plays an important strategic role in the overall situation of national development. “Development planning outline of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area” issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council (the short term to 2022 and the long term to 2035) particularly pointed out that "to promote the development of logistics cooperation among Guangdong， Hong Kong and Macao， vigorously develop the third-party logistics and cold chain logistics， improve the level of supply chain management， and build an international logistics hub". Accelerate the formation of modern comprehensive transportation system and promote the logistics cooperation among Guangdong， Hong Kong and Macao. At present， the cold chain logistics industry in this district is developing rapidly with an annual growth rate of 20%， and the fresh food consumption of residents has increased by more than 100%.

Chinas cold chain development related policies:In recent years， the central government and many departments have issued a number of supporting policies to promote the development of cold chain industry. In No. 1 Central Government Document (2020) “Opinions on Grasping the Key Work in the Field of Agriculture， Rural Areas and Farmers to Ensure the Realization of a Well-off Society”， the emphasis is laid on the importance of "making up the short board for agriculture， rural areas and farmers" as an important work direction for this year. Now all regions of the country vigorously take the related projects of the cold chain industry as the key construction projects， among which will focus on supporting "construction project of cold chain logistics facilities for preservation of agricultural products". It can be predicted that the industry related to cold chain of agricultural products will develop rapidly in the future， which is bound to be good news for the development of cold chain in China.

“Notice on the Construction of the First Batch of National Backbone Cold Chain Logistics Bases” was issued by General Office of National Development and Reform Commission on March 16. According to the notice， “with the goal of building a backbone cold chain logistics infrastructure network at the national level and the main line of integrating the stock cold chain logistics resources， we should focus on the advantageous production areas and distribution centers of high value-added fresh agricultural products (including fruits and vegetables， livestock and poultry， dairy products， aquatic products， flowers， etc.); build a batch of national backbone cold chain logistics bases relying on the inventory cold chain logistics infrastructure group; integrate the supply and demand of cold chain logistics market， stock facilities， circulation of agricultural products， production and processing and other upstream and downstream industrial resources; improve the scale， intensification， organization and networking level of cold chain logistics; support the industrialization development of fresh agricultural products， and promote the consumption upgrading of urban and rural residents”. National Development and Reform Commission will support the construction of qualified projects within the scope of the first batch of national backbone cold chain logistics bases through investment within the budget of central goverment and other channels to promote the improvement of the bases cold chain comprehensive service capacity. The scope of support includes: public service cold storage， supporting infrastructure and other related facilities.

责任编辑：战斌飞

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